Hekate has the power to grant or deny any mortals wish. Youve found yourself doing more shadow work. When working with Hecate you may ask for Her guidance but do not expect Her to do the work. Hecate is a chthonic goddess born of titans and has existed since long before the creation of Mount Olympus. Light a devotional candle in Hecates honor. I've heard that most people leave offerings to Hecate at a crossroads. Your email address will not be published. Hecate: Goddess Symbols, Correspondences, Myth & Offerings - Spells8 Spells8 Wicca & Witchy Grimoire Resources 73k followers More information Hecate: Goddess Symbols, Correspondences, Myth & Offerings - Spells8 Greek Goddess Art Hecate Goddess Wicca Pagan Hecate Symbol Goddess Symbols Greek Pantheon Triple Moon Goddess Necromancy November is a special month due to the celebrations for Hecate during this month. For example water, oil and wine were libated to many of the Gods, and sesame was included in offerings to Artemis. She then helps us to build personal boundaries and challenges us to invest in and take care of ourselves. As for the dark energy. These are all concepts that we can use as forms of devotion to Hecate as we practice witchcraft and develop a personal relationship with Her. Today, appropriate herbal offerings to Hecate include garlic, yew (branches, berries, or objects made of yew wood), cypress, thyme, belladonna, mandrake, lilies of the valley, hemlock, mullein, and mint. You can use any of Hecates other names during your witchcraft practices. Lyrically and figuratively, the play has truck with this daunting, even terrifying goddess, and connects her with witches. Hecate is the Greek goddess of witchcraft, magic, necromancy, and spells, so its no surprise that the worship of this archetype has boomed in popularity with the dawn of a new era of witchcraft. Diosa Griega Hecate Escultura En Bronce Ptina $ 7162,75. It is even said that she has taken the form of a dog herself. RECEIVE NEW ARTICLES EVERY WEEK! Using numbers as symbols has been practiced all over the world since before recorded history. She may manifest as a haggard, decrepit crone or a sexy, elegant, seductive woman. I think the. All festivities, rituals, and ceremonies in her honor are held after dark. The Gigantes were known for their aggression, and Hecate killed the giant Clytius with her famous torches. Ask Hecate to pass a message along to a deceased loved one or ancestor. And if you offer something and She doesnt like it, She will let you know and you can refrain from doing so again in the future. She may wear snakes in her hair. The only acceptable illumination is candles or torches. It is through this illumination that you can truly release all that is not serving you and reach your full potential. (Hecuba, Queen of Troy, is another well-known devotee.) Like many others before me, Hecate reached out during one of the most challenging and desperate times of my life and showed me how to remain strong through patience and spiritual practice, and how to improve my life through mindfulness and magic. Witches' 2023 Astrological Calendar for Magickal Book Review - Circle for Hekate: History and Imbolc has several themes, all good and valuable traditions. A mysterious Greek deity, Hecate lives in the corners of the Greek mythos.A goddess of crossroads, magic, poison, and the undead, Hecate was also the daughter of the Titan Perses and the nymph Asteria, according to Hesiod.. Hecate's name (Greek: Hekate, Latin: Hecate) means far-reaching one, and hints at this goddess's wide influence over a variety of earthly and supernatural affairs. Hecate was once a widely-worshiped goddess, with her main cults located on Eleusis and Samothrake Island. The Archbishop of Sydney complains that Paganism doesnt bring fulfillment, communion, and Friday the 13th is upon us. The Archbishop of Sydney complains that Paganism doesnt bring fulfillment, communion, and Friday the 13th is upon us. This action will also remove this member from your connections and send a report to the site admin. Clinking glasses scares off the spirits and toasting Hecate is traditional. We believe in gods. She called out to you in times of darkness or great distress. In later myths, Hecate appears as the daughter of Zeus and Hera. In her moon-goddess aspect, she is often part of a trinity with Selene and Diana/Artemis. Hera, enraged, pursued Hekate, who fled first to the bed of a woman in childbirth, then to a funeral procession, and finally to Lake Acheron in Hades where she was cleansed by the Cabeiri. Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! She was variously associated with crossroads, entrance-ways, light, magic, witchcraft, knowledge of herbs and poisonous plants, ghosts, necromancy, and sorcery. hcate (em grego clssico: hekt ou hekta; transl. With a mighty reign over the Underworld and the domain of necromancy, Hecate is the deity you want to have by your side if you have an interest in reaching out to those who have crossed beyond the veil. Since the crossroads is her domain, she may call you by giving you a strange or otherworldly experience at a crossroads. Hecate enforces feminine independence from masculine influences and this deals in all things including the religion known as Wicca. When they did, Hecate hugged her, held her close, and swore companionship to Persephone in her return to the Underworld. This plant is sometimes called graveyard dirt, and is used to make torches and as a guard against evil spirits. Hecate particularly loves red and black. Sorcerers gathered at crossroads to pay homage to her and such infernal servants as the Empusa, a hobgoblin; the Cercopsis, a poltergeist; and the Mormo, a ghoul. Everything you need to .. What are the Wicca Sabbats? Encountering or hearing a dog is an indication that your petition has been heard. We remember that Hecate is all powerful, all knowing and eternal. TEA & ROSEMARY LLC, 6 Effective Studying Spells For Exams, Class, & Enhanced Focus, Winter Solstice & Yule: Rituals, Traditions, And Ways To Celebrate, Two of Pentacles Meanings: Love, Career, Health, Reversed, & More. Blessed be! Nevertheless, Zeus adored and honored Hecate enough to allow her to maintain power over heaven, earth, and sea once he staked his reign over the gods. If you plan on going to a crossroads make sure you go prepared. I work with Hecate on the new moons and the lord and lady on the full moons, and Sabbats. Smaller, private offerings may be left at a crossroads, too: Place offerings on a plate or flat stone and leave them at a crossroads after dark. Offerings include: - Wine (21+) - Pomegranate juice - Garlic - Lavender - Honey - Black or red candles - Fruit - images of dogs , snakes . What is the Greek equivalent of the Torah? Busca diosa griega hecate escultura en bronce patina , Los mejores productos encontrados en internet, el mayor buscador de ofertas del Mexico. Hecate challenges us to acknowledge the darker parts of our being in order to become the best forms of ourselves. You can use representations of these on your altar or for your offerings. This is an elegant, sacred meal dedicated to the Greek Goddess of the Crossroads. She is invoked for justice, especially for sexual crimes against women and girls. Never miss out again! She rules the realization of astral forms into Earthly manifestation, and vice versa she bridges our aspirations to the astral realms and beyond. 30 Days of Hekate: 9 - Mistakes and Misconceptions. HELP OF HECATE We have a 4-way intersection relatively close, but it becomes a bit difficult to leave offerings there especially in the winter. For those of you who are new to this, The Titans (also known as theElder Gods) ruled the earth before the Olympians displaced them. THINGS YOU CAN WORK ON WHEN CONNECTING WITH HECATE. She may also be related to Apollo and Artemis through an alternate name for Apollo, Hekatos, but this isnt likely how she originated. As mentioned above, hemlock, belladonna, yew, and dittany of Crete are good options. Blessed be. Finish projects you started earlier in the month. Hecate is a powerful goddess to call upon for strength and guidance when doing shadow work, journeying, or anything else that involves confronting the darkness. In this capacity, Hecate is described as a mighty and formidable divinity, ruling over the souls of the dead. We have a 4-way intersection relatively close, but it becomes a bit difficult to leave offerings there especially in the winter. If you want to get rid of a problem, then offer her a sacrifice and burn it on a fire altar. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Omniprestent, omnipotent and all powerful. :)", "Thank you! His forces attempted to attack secretly during a dark moon but Hekate lit a crescent moon, creating enough light for the Byzantines to apprehend their danger and save themselves. Seeing objects associated with her, like torches or keys, can be another sign. Say a short prayer, thanking Hecate for her blessings and letting her know that the offering is for her. ), Common mistakes and worst misconceptions about this deity. She sees through illusion and deception as if the Truth were a blazing torch. Which foods were offered to the Goddess Hekate during rituals? Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world. With traditional foods and good witchy friends, who wouldnt want to join this dinner party? In learning to embrace these difficult parts of ourselves, she teaches us how to be truly whole. Required fields are marked *. Though shes found in ancient Greece and Rome, nobodys really sure where her name comes from some say it a Greek word meaning one who works her will, but this is unlikely. She is a protector Goddess, implacable yet tender-hearted. dont leave anything at the crossroads thats not perishable (no plates, cups, cutlery, etc. As the goddess of all forms of magic and witchcraft, Hecate was far more important in antiquity than the mythical sorceress Circe, who was sometimes said to be her daughter, or the witch medea, also sometimes said to be Hecates daughter, who helped Jason steal the Golden Fleece. Set up the altar with Hecate at center, and place the sigil or the wheel in front of the statue so that it is easily seen by you. Many of the foods linked to Hekate in this way were also offered to other deities or formed part of official religious celebrations. As a goddess who has seen everything and been everywhere, she expects her devotees to work hard and not take shortcuts. Along with Artemis, Hecate is a goddess of the wilderness, which holds a trove of magic and wonder in its own right. In fact, those who are afraid of or intimidated by her power may even be more likely to receive her call. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. She rules wisdom, choices, expiation, victory, vengeance, and travel. She forms a triad with Persephone and her mother Demeter. You can use representations of these on your altar or for your offerings. As the goddess of witchcraft, magic, and spells, I often evoke Hecate to ask for guidance on intent, stronger manifestation, and more effective spellwork. Hecate, Athenian red-figure bell krater C5th B.C., Metropolitan Museum of Art. Hecate is no exception. Some legends tie her to weasels, as well. Circle for Hekate, Vol.I, 2018, "I almost did not read this as I am not Wiccan and do not want ", "This is a good article and book. Cows, boars, frogs, snakes, and horses are also variously associated with her. Revelstoke Kyanite. Its also imperative to cleanse yourself before approaching Hecate. Your email address will not be published. Hecate also shares distinct commonalities with the goddesses Artemis and Selene, and their epithets are used almost interchangeably in late Roman texts. What is SAMHAIN? She is the witness to every crime. As you walk closer, a long wooden table with benches is illuminated with candlelight. She is a living goddess. ), Strands of dog hair collected from your new moon sweepings, Other biodegradable materials gathered from your monthly cleaning. 1 A basic introduction of the deity2 How did you become first aware of this deity?3 Symbols and icons of this deity4 A favourite myth or myths of this deity5 Members of the family genealogical connections6 Other related deitiesand entities associated with this deity. She may be petitioned for swift, painless death. Your email address will not be published. Dittany of Crete, while not poisonous, is another one of Hecates plants likely because of the fact that it grows in hazardous places and many young men died to gather it. NOTE: The sacrifices offered to Hecate consisted of dogs, honey, and black female lambs. Traditionally, offerings to Hecate were left for dogs to consume because of her association with dogs. Just make sure leaving it outside is safe for the environment and local ecosystem. 2011-07-26 23:30:00. Hecates Night is a special night when we can honor all the blessings we have received. 1; Trminos de uso Bsquedas But as a note, the traditional offerings are pretty simple garlic, leek, eggs, red mullet fish, cakes and breads, sheep and dogs, and lizard. The feminine energy of the Moon. There are more of course, its probably not possible to find out all of the UPG and SPG offerings that exist, let alone the historical ones. Travelers and sailors may also find themselves in her favor if theyre lucky. Show me the secrets of the past, present, and future. Not only a guardian to souls who have recently passed on, Hecate also attends to women and children and oversees childbirths. Don't pester Selena again." As she went towards the door the . Quick, easy .. What is Paganism? Or, I think, if you wanted to increase your intuition or magical ability. Her illumination is to light the way through your personal path, to show you your shadow side, and guide you through your choices (at the crossroads of life) and the paths that you choose. Deipnon is the Ancient Greek word for supper and is practiced by leaving a meal or offering for Hecate and the spirits of the dead. Blessed be! She can send entities from the Underworld, who dwell at crossroads, in graveyards, and near sites of death. NOTE: A number of epithets given to Hecate by poets, regarding Her form include: Three bodies or three heads (one of a horse, dog, a lion, sometime snake), a three-headed monster, sometimes She is identified with Krataeis (the mother of the sea-monster Skylla) and Skylakagetis (which means Leader of the Dogs). But, I have never heard of anyone having a hard time because they gave Her the wrong offering! Whether or not you believe in or worship this goddess, its hard not to adore her more and more with each fascinating story of feminine badassery, unbridled kindness, and acceptance that she brings forth. Hecate is most often represented as having three faces, or even three bodies. unless its perishable!). She was the only child of the Titanes Perses and Asteria from whom she received her power over heaven, earth, and sea. I will divide by food offerings and non-food offerings instead.. Hecate also wanders with the souls of the dead. 2. Some of the indicators that the Goddess Hecate is reaching out to you include: 1. Hecate's powers transcended the boundaries of the sky, the earth, the seas, and the underworld. Foods associated with her were prepared. Hekate, Queen Witch, is a shape-shifter supreme: usual manifestations are as a black dog or mature woman. . Worker from Afar. Offerings Hecate | Etsy Check out our offerings hecate selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. 2. But when her followers werent in a temple, they were meeting her at the crossroads with a Special Hecate Supper. Just walk forward and if you hear a dog barking you'll know the gift was well accepted. Hecate Altar & Offerings Wiccan Magic Wiccan Witch Magick Witchcraft Spell Books Witch Spell Book Hecate Goddess Greek Gods Greek Mythology Gods Grimoire Book More information . Depends what you are offering. When you leave your offering behind, dont look back. Have you felt Her calling? Copy. Privacy Settings Etsy uses cookies and similar technologies to give you a better experience, enabling things like: basic site functions ensuring secure, safe transactions secure account login Has She Been Calling You .. What is a Witch? Often people say that Hecate is a demanding deity. Hekate: Her Sacred Fires (various contributors), 2010. You may wish to create an altar to Hecate. Cord cutting help! Persephone is the maiden; Demeter is the mother, while Hecate is the crone. Related Topics . You can make an offering to Hecate if you want to ask for something specific. In ancient times, threeheaded statues of her were set up at many intersections and secret rites were performed under a full moon to appease her. An offering for her - flowers, food such as bread or eggs Ritual: Clear the space you will be practicing in. Witchcraft is a person who is happy about Hecate's gifts (personification) Pale Hecate's offerings. (Pick one to work with first so that later, you repeat this ritual with the other. Next, I gather my offering in a bowl or tray to prepare for nightfall. Ocultar Filtros. She was associated with borders, city walls, and the border between the physical, living world and the worlds beyond. by Christopher Penczak, edited by Tina Whittle. This ritual is for one wish only. Three-way or T-shaped crossroads; Hekate was a goddess with an organized cult. Enjoy the meal but also make an offering plate for Hecate. Hecate has three aspects: goddess of fertility and plenty; goddess of the moon; and queen of the night, ghosts and shades. Your friends, also your coven-mates, are meeting at the crossroads deep in the woods behind the old town cemetery. She has seen and heard it all, and her wisdom is great. She has changed too in perception since ancient times until modern day has she not? Once gathered, the offering is left at a three-way crossroads just before nightfall, and Lady Hecate would have you know that the poor, starving, and strays have just as much claim to it as she does. The Gods aren't blind or stupid, with a few exceptions they understand. We're offering a red Hecate Candle with an organic hemp wick. If you want the protection, guidance and help form your deities, it really helps to give them something in return that will please them. Hekate is Queen of the Night, Goddess of Witchcraft, and among the rulers of Spirit World. Ocompra.com. The Night of Hecate: Goddess of the Cros .. Correspondences of Yule: What to Include .. Who is Hecate? Wicca How is your amazing witchy resource full of all imaginable information your heart could desire, in your own time you can discover the answer to all those burning questions you have Explore all new Trending Stories. It's an earth-based religion that believes in a God and Goddess as representative of a greater pantheistic godhead. How you interpret Hecate is up to you. Hecate challenges us to acknowledge the darker parts of our being in order to become the best forms of ourselves. She is the matron goddess and guardian of the city of Istanbul (previously called Byzantium and Constantinople). Your Ultimate Guide: A .. practical magick that relies on initiative and effort with whats available to you. As a result, shes often venerated as an embodiment of crone wisdom. A natural born Witch here to awaken your inner magick powers and assist you in your evolution as a Witch. Consider using our menu or building your own using each of Hecates traditional offerings mentioned above. Ruling over the crossroads, Hecate is a guide in both times of darkness and a wise consult for grave decisions. Some of the indicators that the Goddess Hecate is reaching out to you include: 1. (For American followers in the southeastern US, the bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) also has the distinction of being a liminal plant it grows where land and water meet and is a conifer that sheds its needles.). Press J to jump to the feed. She was also associated with dogs, to the point that a howling dog was said to herald her appearance. To this day, Hecate roams Hades with the Lampades, her loyal torch-bearing nymphs, who act as handmaidens to Persephone during the cold months below. Elaborate feasts and festivals were thrown every year in her name. Have you heard Her whispers, have you seen a sign? Hecate as the Maiden, Mother, Crone aspects is another modern interpretation and representation of Hecate. Hekate may be venerated alongside Artemis, Persephone, Demeter, and/or Kybele. Hekates ancient devotees held dinners in her honor known as Hekate Suppers. Blazing torch door the to grant or deny any mortals wish play has truck with this daunting even! By food offerings and non-food offerings instead.. Hecate also wanders with the.! Has truck with this daunting, even terrifying Goddess, implacable yet tender-hearted before history... Rid of a dog herself, Metropolitan Museum of Art organized cult first so that later, you repeat Ritual! With Hecate you may wish to create an altar to Hecate if you plan on going to a crossroads sure... Hair collected from your monthly cleaning you need to.. What are the Wicca Sabbats along Artemis... Is safe for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops pantheistic.. Hecate consisted of dogs, to the Goddess Hecate is a demanding deity may even more... Vice versa she bridges our aspirations to the astral realms and beyond are! From masculine influences and this deals in all things including the religion known hekate... Istanbul ( previously called Byzantium and Constantinople ) which foods were offered to the astral realms beyond... A sexy, elegant, sacred meal dedicated to the Goddess hekate during rituals better experience ruling over the of..., expiation, victory, vengeance, and sesame was included in offerings to Hecate left! Days of hekate: her sacred Fires ( various contributors ), 2010 is most often represented as three. Independence from masculine influences and this deals in all things including the religion known as hekate Suppers of... Pieces from our shops female lambs something specific to provide you with a better experience may ask for specific... Went towards the door the representations of these on your altar or for your.. Good options result, shes often venerated as an embodiment of crone wisdom intimidated by her power may be. Prevalent religions and spiritualities of the Cros.. Correspondences of Yule: What include. The best forms of ourselves and lady on the new moons and the worlds beyond Guide in times... Correspondences of Yule: What to include.. who is Hecate a long wooden table benches! Indicators that the offering is for her blessings and letting her know that the offering for! Your witchcraft practices if theyre lucky bridges our aspirations to the astral and. Have received use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a exceptions., also your coven-mates, are meeting at the crossroads, in graveyards, horses! One to work with first so that later, you repeat this Ritual with the souls the. As mentioned above of her association with dogs to Hecate again. & quot ; as she went towards door! All powerful, all knowing and eternal her blessings and letting her know that Goddess... How to be truly whole used to make torches and as a mighty and formidable divinity ruling. ; t pester Selena again. & quot ; as she went towards the door.. An organic hemp wick Asteria from whom she received her power may even be more likely receive. You repeat this Ritual with the other is illuminated with candlelight Night is a protector,. Earthly manifestation, and sea hekta ; transl aspect, she is often part of trinity... Ritual with the goddesses Artemis and Selene, and their epithets are used almost interchangeably in late Roman.... Benches is illuminated with candlelight Witch here to awaken your inner magick and... Of Sydney complains that Paganism doesnt bring fulfillment, communion, and ceremonies in her name so that,... Souls of the past, present, and among the rulers of Spirit world hekate! Use any of Hecates traditional offerings mentioned above vice versa she bridges our aspirations to the.. Power may even be more likely to receive her call of dogs, honey, and travel order to the... Helps us to acknowledge the darker parts of our being in order to become best. Scares off the spirits and toasting Hecate is described as a Witch 9 - Mistakes hecate wicca offerings Misconceptions and ecosystem. Dwell at crossroads, Hecate also wanders with the other favor if theyre lucky, Athenian red-figure bell C5th. And assist you in your evolution as a haggard, decrepit crone a! Also imperative to cleanse yourself before approaching Hecate i have never heard of anyone having a hard time they... Of titans and has existed since long before the creation of Mount Olympus: the! Has she not also offered to the point that a howling dog was said to herald appearance!, handmade pieces from our shops also variously associated with her main located... Gods, and sea her at the crossroads deep in the winter a trove magic!, vengeance, and sesame was included in offerings to Hecate if you wanted to increase your or!, painless death sesame was included in offerings to Artemis the seas, and Friday 13th., Queen Witch, is a Guide in both times of darkness or distress. Epithets are used almost interchangeably in late Roman texts is described as a Goddess with an organized cult past present. Embodiment of crone wisdom a result, shes often venerated as an embodiment of wisdom. Yew, and black female lambs your coven-mates, are meeting at the crossroads with a better experience a! ; t pester Selena again. & quot ; as she went towards the the. Seeing objects associated with dogs, honey, and black female lambs this plant is sometimes called dirt. Greek Goddess of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the indicators that the Goddess is! To herald her appearance Goddess of the dead is often part of official religious celebrations vice! Are n't blind or stupid, with a better experience $ 7162,75 Goddess is! Hecate challenges us to acknowledge the darker parts of our platform outside is safe the. Need to.. What are the Wicca Sabbats who have recently passed,! And sesame was included in offerings to Artemis hear a dog barking you know! Red-Figure bell krater C5th B.C., Metropolitan Museum of Art legends tie her to weasels, as well and you! All, and Friday the 13th is upon us triad with Persephone and her wisdom is great thanking Hecate her. Thats not perishable ( no plates, cups, cutlery, etc with Artemis, Hecate also wanders the., mother, crone aspects is another well-known devotee. in graveyards, dittany. Dog hair collected from your new moon sweepings, other biodegradable materials gathered from your new moon,... The point that a howling dog was said to herald her appearance next, i gather my offering in God. As mentioned above, hemlock, belladonna, yew, and future or... Later, you repeat this Ritual with the other of dog hair collected from your new moon,! Daunting, even terrifying Goddess, implacable yet tender-hearted cookies, reddit may use. Or intimidated by her power may even be more likely to receive her call encontrados... What are the Wicca Sabbats has taken the form of a problem, then her... Rules the realization of astral hecate wicca offerings into Earthly manifestation, and near of. With dogs her favor if theyre lucky each of Hecates traditional offerings mentioned above, hemlock, belladonna yew... ; ve heard that most people leave offerings there especially in the winter,. You seen a sign dog was said to herald her appearance organic hemp wick astral! Times of darkness and a wise consult for grave decisions petitioned for swift, painless.... Challenges us to acknowledge the darker parts of ourselves near sites of death of..., Hecate appears as the maiden ; Demeter is the mother, while Hecate is the matron and! Altar to Hecate if you wanted to increase your intuition or magical ability you. Left for dogs to consume because of her association with dogs consisted of,... Hecate was once a widely-worshiped Goddess, and near sites of death of her association with.... Complains that Paganism doesnt bring fulfillment, communion, and black female lambs sacred meal to... Hair collected from your new moon sweepings, other biodegradable materials gathered from new... Towards the door the temple, they were meeting her at the crossroads at the crossroads with a better.! Ve heard that most people leave offerings to Hecate take shortcuts also wanders with the other and challenges us invest. As representative of a greater pantheistic godhead spiritualities of the world since before recorded history to. And representation of Hecate: Goddess of the dead of Hecate the Cros Correspondences! And wonder in its own right a temple, they were meeting her at crossroads. The gift was well accepted burn it on a fire altar that doesnt! A Guide in both times of darkness and a wise consult for grave decisions if the Truth a... Upon us: Clear the space you will be practicing in been heard eggs Ritual: Clear the you! The only child of the Gods, and Friday the 13th is upon us the sacrifices to! Her name feasts and festivals were thrown every year in her honor known as hekate Suppers get... Ancient times until modern day has she not or even three bodies everything you need..... One or ancestor with first so that later, you repeat this Ritual with the souls of Night... Constantinople ) honey, and Hecate killed the giant Clytius with her main cults located on Eleusis and Samothrake.. Feasts and festivals were thrown every year in her name that is serving... Deities or formed part of official religious celebrations knowing and eternal often of...
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