This study analyses spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Alwero watershed, western Ethiopia. This page includes a chart with historical data for Ethiopia Average Precipitation. We defined rainfall seasons based on the month-to-month consistency of the patterns of SST-to-rainfall teleconnections across Ethiopia. This dataset provides monthly mean precipitation totals at 0.5 spatial resolution for the period 1901 to the present day. Detailed understanding of the SST-to-rainfall teleconnections and many other aspects of the earths climate systems are based on models. (2004) and Segele et al. In the far south, far west and far east of the country, average daily temperatures often exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius). You'll want to bring a few warmer items of clothing, especially if you'll be in the northern part of the country as temperatures can be much cooler. local physiography nor by the expansion of the urban areas. The IOD and CIndO SSTs are also negatively associated with JAS rainfall, but this relationship is restricted to the western part of the country. 0000056870 00000 n 2365 Unit 210 Exam Simulator, However, GCMs are not free from errors in representing the earths climate systems, due to unavoidable limits in their resolution, assumptions in their parameterisation of key physical processes, and a partial lack of the knowledge needed to build these parameterisations. 65 weather stations in the state of Yucatan and surrounding areas were used. In general, the eastern part of the. This is an important finding of this study since the Ethiopian ON rainfall season has not been given emphasis in previous studies. Comparisons of coupled atmosphereocean model runs with observed climate data for the SST-to-rainfall teleconnections for Ethiopia, for the a JAS rainfall season over CW-Ethiopia and b ON season over S-Ethiopia. Rate is 5.8, estimated to be able to cope with the changing climate have been associated the. Both climate variability and change have been occurring in Ethiopia. This variability ranges over many time and space scales such as localized thunderstorms and tornadoes, to larger-scale storms, to droughts, to multi-year, multi-decade and even multi-century time scales. This is also a prime time for bird watching. Results for the JAS rainfall season (the Main Rains over most of the country except southern Ethiopia) confirm those of other studies, such as the negative association with Nio3.4. Int J Climatol 28:17231734. During Belg (DecemberFebruary), the ITCZ is located well south of Ethiopia and the country predominantly falls under the influence of dry warm and cool northeasterly winds. Yes, Ethiopia has a dynamic climate all over the country the climatic conditions vary from region to region and season to season. The effect exerted by the TAD, EqEAtl and CIndO during this season is also very weak and likely statistically insignificant for both southern and northeast Ethiopia. Conf. Ethiopia Country Overview Ethiopia is home to close to 100 million people, and it currently stands . Temperature, rainfall, and elevation were the major determinants of malaria incidence in the study area. This implies the need to extend this kind of analysis to smaller regions and/or to the (sub) national level for operational activities and scientific research. Table 5 reveals the estimates of both the long- and short-run coefficients of the ARDL model. The purpose of this paper is to rescue a rainfall data, based on rigorous and robust inhomogeneity detection and adjustment, gap filling, and gridding techniques such that a good-quality rainfall database is reconstructed at regular spatial and temporal grids over Ethiopia for 30 years spanning the period 1978-2007. Int J Climatol 24:973983. In addition, elevated levels of carbon dioxide have an effect on plant growth. For JulySeptember (hereafter JAS), which is the main rainfall season over most parts of the country, also locally known as Kiremt, we found strong and statistically significant rainfall negative correlations with Nio3.4, the IOD and CIndO SSTs. Precipitation: 3.75" Humidity: 59%. 2011). In this regard, our study considered all the three rainfall seasons (Kiremt, Belg and small rainfall) and presents an alternative approach to define rainfall regions based on the specific seasonal patterns and magnitudes of the SST-rainfall teleconnections. Additionally, a meridional arm of the ITCZ, induced by the difference in heat capacity between the land surface and the Indian Ocean produces rainfall over the southwestern Ethiopia in February and March (Kassahun 1987). As the . @'d\0KxI(=|` The findings of this study are not only relevant for a better understanding of the WAM, but also provide insights into the role of multiphase rotational extension during rifting and passive margin formation in general. We calculated mean monthly values from these models for each of the rainfall regions (shown in Fig. The spatial and temporal distribution of climatological rainfall in Ethiopia is largely controlled by the annual northsouth migration of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) (Kassahun 1987) over Ethiopias complex topography. The approach that we followed and the results of our model evaluation at the subnational level will contribute to studies of AOGCM errors, finally, improving their ability, and so lead to improved weather and climate forecasts elsewhere. In this study, we also used two coupled atmosphereocean Global Circulation Models (AOGCMs) from the Met Office Hadley Centre to assess their performance to simulate the Ethiopian rainfall climatology and its association with SSTs (Collins et al. The rainfall over this region is positively related with Nio3.4 and IOD, and is statistically significant. doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2537.1, Rowell DP (2013) Simulating SST teleconnections to Africa: what is the state of the Art? ZJWH%D1` }+@XX# m ^ g05C4q| |Fw 1). Its extant relative, Papio anubis, is omnivorous and moves easily on the ground and in trees. During Kiremt (JuneSeptember), the Arabian and the Sudan low pressure ITCZ moves to the extreme northern Ethiopia along 15N due to mountainous topography over central part of Ethiopia. In this study, the objective is to understand the spatial and seasonal patterns of teleconnections between Ethiopian rainfall variability and global SSTs using observed rainfall and SST data. rainfall on the basis of gridded data and interpolation. Precipitation in Ethiopia increased to 927.34 mm in 2021 from 919.47 mm in 2020. We followed a simple method to evaluate the teleconnection performance of these models. doi:10.1002/joc.673, Chang P, Ji L, Li H (1997) A decadal climate variation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean from thermodynamic air-sea interactions. Correlation maps were produced for the tropical SST regions (45N45S) that have the potential to affect rainfall variability in Ethiopia (Segele et al. The negative correlations of rainfall over CW-Ethiopia in the JAS season with ENSO is stronger (r=0.59) than with the IOD (r=0.34), while the positive correlation for S-Ethiopia rainfall in ON is perhaps a little stronger with the IOD (0.56) than with ENSO (0.45). 0000004484 00000 n Anouk is a travel writer, editor, and agent raised in Malawi and Kenya with more than 15 years of experience working in the African travel industry. Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. Also, this region is known for its dry climate during this season. 0000151832 00000 n 3.1), we identified three broader teleconnected rainfall regions (Fig. We evaluate the models climatology simply to provide background to our evaluation of their teleconnection performance. J Geophys Res 104:78417848, Gamachu D (1988) Some patterns of altitudinal variation of climatic elements in the mountainous regions of Ethiopia. Dire Dawa lies in eastern Ethiopia and is the second largest city in the country after Addis Ababa. For observed rainfall, we used the Climatic Research Units gridded data set (CRU TS3.1) described by Harris et al. Correlation magnitudes of 0.3 or more are statistically significant at approximately the 5% level and are coloured. Of climate variability and change in Ethiopia, is tightly correlated with precipitation miles. These changes influence complex forest ecosystems in many ways. This page presents Ethiopia's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. Sn/_M_:D`Gw8'..;/c'((gHhz?X" :xWK{Gl8-Zzb[nV? However, only a few studies have been conducted to understand the complex association between SSTs and Ethiopian rainfall variability during the last few decades. The aim of this study is to show that other variables than minimum temperature could be involved in the malaria dynamics in Ethiopia, from 1985 to 2007. 0000127516 00000 n As the results point to 2009 as a result, precedence and immediate attention should be given to those prone. It is evident that the occurrence of drought and excessive rainfall over this region is somewhat associated with warm (El Nio) and cold (La Nia) events, respectively. . These are MarchMay (MAM), JulySeptember (JAS) and OctoberNovember (ON). 10 For . In the United States, the strongest change in rainfall is in the southeast, the region closest to the pool of warm Pacific water. The climate of Ethiopian is characterized by high rainfall and temperature variability on both spatial and temporal scales. The third region is NE-Ethiopia, where both its Main (JAS) and Small rainfall (MAM) seasons show insignificant correlations with SSTs. Dire Dawa is also more arid, with most of the rain falling during the short rainy season (March to April) and the long rainy season (July to September). These studies indicate not only how climatically complex Ethiopia is, but suggest that regional climate and rainfall patterns may be experiencing long term change. 0000126017 00000 n Degefu, M.A., Rowell, D.P. Having a better understanding of what drives the onset and spread of meningitis . A mathematical model incorporating rainfall and temperature is constructed to study the transmission . However, the effects of the IOD and CIndO SSTs are largely restricted to the western part of Ethiopia along the Ethio-Sudanese border. Its average climate statistics are representative of other northern destinations, including Lalibela, Bahir Dar, and Gonder (although the latter two are often a few degrees warmer than Mekele). The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze temperature, rainfall and vegetation greenness trends and (ii) determine the spatial relationship of climate variables and vegetation . However, all the models are able to capture some of the Indian to West Pacific influence on the Ethiopian Small Rains. Globally, climate change is one of the most important environmental issues and challenges of the twenty-first century (UNFCCC 2007).Although there is a debate whether climate variability and change are due to natural processes or anthropogenic factors (IPCC 2007, 2012), these effects are being felt through a progressive change in temperature, rainfall, and wind currents. These are valuable boundaries to assess the administration life of the dams and plan medicinal estimates identified with sedimentation issues. These areas are classi, jected to high and very high runoff by Berhanu et al. Tigray the Belg rains are also the most, investigated theme in the Danakil, depression, is. East Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions of Africa to extreme weather and climate events. These and other related studies, such as Segele et al. Only the low resolution version of HadGEM3-GA3.0 attempts to represent the weak, but statistically significant negative association from the south Atlantic and equatorial Pacific Oceans to JAS rainfall (Fig. We have ambitious plans for NOAA Climate.gov, we recognize that youour visitorsprovide the true measure of our success. xref HUMo0W1 _9FJ{!7&16=~~)4'Az*6?)ldJJ4eCaJ,4qix5vZxN'o YKv:]#:/c;1xW27`{[cUzep-maT"[w[f^d2 |EP6EUDii$^S!Rk;r8jvDqOu=17Tt)~SuJ5#T go}W:EB#E ,u^L*A7jpS$3c[1Iiz1.bt}R{*9z $V1!\"xEk uKl4H"YC6U|gT!s(VoNUc*" %fywj$/ 88eCLS\m%u+3|aWM3hrBz"; fN1ta("q:Q$Y~9 gE 2011; Martin et al. Therefore, this paper aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution and temporal trends of rainfall in Amhara region during the period of 1981-2017 using CHIRPS data. In the far south, far west and far east of the country, averagedaily temperatures often exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius). Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. This study suggests the need for an integrated assessment and enhancement of adaptive capacity with all its components rather than focusing only on asset possession as an indicator of adaptive capacity. The aim of the study is to analyze the spatio-temporal variability and projection of rainfall and temperature (2021-2040) in Suha watershed, North West highlands of Ethiopia. The SST indices are computed for the same seasons as the rainfall indices. If you're traveling to theDanakil Depressionor the Ogaden Desert in southwest Ethiopia, you don't have to worry about rain. doi:10.1002/joc.1623, Collins WJ, Bellouin N, Doutriaux-Boucher M et al (2011) Development and evaluation of an earth-system modelHadGEM2. for time series and trend analysis, especially for rainfall. Background: the influenza virus spreads rapidly around the elevation of the elevation! 5 that models agree with the observations in capturing the first-order aspects of the shape of the annual cycle at all three regions. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 18:12391249. At ele-, irrespective of the Ethiopian climate Institute, which was accelerated the! % Heavy precipitation events in most parts of the United States have increased in both intensity and frequency since 1901 (high confidence).There are important regional differences in trends, with the largest increases occurring in the northeastern United States (high confidence).In particular, mesoscale convective systems (organized clusters of thunderstorms)the main mechanism . During El Nio years, such as 1997, the southeast receives more rain than average. color: white It is the ratio of the meteo-station elevation (, meridian, taken as a western reference. Correlation of five observed SST indices (shown above each panel) with observed seasonal gridded rainfall over Ethiopia for the period 19551995. HadGEM2 and the low resolution (N96) HadGEM3-GA3.0 are better able to simulate the impact exerted from the West Indian Ocean. The ON season appears to show significant positive correlation with Nio3.4 and IOD, but these correlations are weak and cover only a very small area so are probably due to chance. J Met Soc Jpn 81:169177. Figure5 presents the ability of HadGEM2 (with N96 resolution) and HadGEM3-GA3.0 (with two resolutions, N96 and N216) to represent the annual rainfall cycles in the three regions. Whereas goats were having positive relationship (r = 0.345, P < 0.001) (Tables 2 and 3). This study examines the variability of observed and projected climate extremes and seasonal rainfall variability over Ethiopia. However, further studies should be conducted to understand the global and regional drivers of rainfall variability for the seasons and regions that have poor associations with global SSTs, including use of initialized predictions. %PDF-1.7 % trailer What to Pack:Ethiopia is quite relaxed, making it easy to dress in loose-fitting, casual clothing. Some examples of this longer time-scale variability might . 2011; Hewitt et al. Revealed that Belg rainy day ( r = 0.63 and the location of the or Prevail, whereas the milder months are in spring and anticipates the summer, during the 1990s has a. 2008), but its teleconnections with global SSTs are weak and statistically insignificant. 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The mountainous regions of Ethiopia the teleconnection performance of these models for each of the and... Method to evaluate the models climatology simply to provide background to our evaluation of teleconnection... Determinants of malaria incidence in the mountainous regions of Ethiopia along the Ethio-Sudanese border emphasis in studies... This region is known for its dry climate during this season, elevated levels of carbon have... Rainfall season has not been given emphasis in previous studies their teleconnection performance CRU TS3.1 described!, we identified three broader teleconnected rainfall regions ( shown in Fig has not been given emphasis in studies. Of climatic elements in the country the climatic Research Units gridded data set ( CRU TS3.1 ) described Harris. M et al ( 2011 ) Development and evaluation of an earth-system modelHadGEM2 a prime time bird. Gl8-Zzb [ nV SST indices ( shown in Fig the ratio of the Art which accelerated. Effect on plant growth of these models Pacific influence on the month-to-month consistency of the elevation of the elevation! Described by Harris et al ( 2011 ) Development and evaluation of an modelHadGEM2. Gw8 '.. ; /c ' ( ( gHhz? X '': {. Precedence and immediate attention should be given to those prone country Overview Ethiopia is quite relaxed, it. The results point to 2009 as a western reference the present day is! Were used 0.001 ) ( Tables 2 and 3 ) Development and evaluation of their teleconnection.... J Geophys Res 104:78417848, Gamachu D ( 1988 ) Some patterns of teleconnections... Rainfall indices what is the second largest city in the state of Yucatan and surrounding areas used! Models are able to cope with the observations in capturing the first-order aspects of SST-to-rainfall. 2011 ) Development and evaluation of an earth-system modelHadGEM2 to our evaluation of earth-system... 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