Confucius quoted- Success depends upon previous preparation, and without such preparation there is sure to be failure; being prepared for what life might through at you if not you wont concur. Postmodern philosophers of education often question deep presuppositions that lie at the heart of our thinking about education:is objectivity possible? We see again a resistance to the kind of moral absolutism or imperialism that some think necessary to justify teaching any one particular set of values to students, and again we see concerns regarding indoctrination:are attempts to teach students to think effectively about moral issues tacit forms of proselytization? Web3. It is common to evaluate the success of both teachers and students with high-stakes standardized tests. 1. You feel that there's no point in anything. Everything is correct and wrong at the same time 2. You get perspectives. But you will not be in a p Not only do I find this to be the major benefit of philosophy in my life, but in the lives of every cognizant being. But if we are to take such accounts seriously, we must also consider whether or not indoctrination can be avoidedand if it cannot, whether we should be so quick to eschew it. The vaccine can potentially reduce the rate of infections and hospitalizations, boost economic activity, and provide a sense of safety to individuals. But it can also be asked whether private schools should enjoy more authority with respect to curricular matters than public schools do, particularly in cases where they receive state subsidies of one form or another, or where the content of the curriculum could be considered harmfully misleading to the students. There are several issues that fall under this heading. But it can also be asked whether private schools should enjoy more authority with respect to curricular matters than public schools do, particularly in cases where they receive state subsidies of one form or another. Many theorists have assumed a clear distinction between education proper and indoctrination, which is assumed to be undesirable. Although this clarificatory task has sometimes been pursued overzealouslyespecially during the period of so-called ordinary language analysis in the 1960s and 70s, when much work in the field seemed to lose sight of the basic normative issues to which these concepts were relevantit remains the case that work in the philosophy of education, as in other areas of philosophy, must rely at least in part on conceptual clarification. In approaching these questions about the individual, society, and education, there is a general conflict between a more liberal viewpoint of the aim of educationin which the independence of the individual is stressed over the good of the societyand a more communitarian viewin which the individual's far-reaching dependence on and obligation to society has weight. The relativity of the theories, to the time period, is a very important factor in how efficient these theories they were. The world we live in today has been shaped by the beliefs systems that were used to govern, growing societies. All Rights Reserved. This explains that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, interpret phenomena and attempting to make sense in terms of the meanings people bring to them (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005: 3). Others object to these categories in the first place. In the United States, the issue of legitimate authority has been raised recently in connection with the practice of standardized testing, which some critics believe discriminates against the children of some racial, cultural, religious, or ethnic groups (because the test questions rely, implicitly or explicitly, on various culturally specific cues or assumptions that members of some groups may not understand or accept). But if we are to take such accounts seriously, we must also consider whether or not indoctrination can be avoidedand if it cannot, whether we should be so quick to eschew it. Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and the inherent meaninglessness of life. He further believed that these lived experiences may be outside the immediate awareness of the individual but could be brought to consciousness. Followed by a discussion on the preferred philosophy which will be adopted for the research project, i.e. They argue that we should also place importance on emotional connection, sensitivity to others, compassion, and intuition, all of which are skills exercised in the private spheres of home and family. WebAdvantages of Situational Ethics. These movements also often question the very possibility of universal educational ideals. Moral Education This site is hosted by UM, with generous financial help from the university's Ethics Programs, to provide resources for those interested in the aims and methods of education, and to highlight our own commitment to excellence in this field. This essay will discuss two research philosophies. Should academic study be favored over vocational educationif in fact there is even a clear distinction between the two? Each of those required me to peer deeper into things like religion, politics, morality, peacefulness, language, and many other topics. The debate often involves deep ethical questions: can we deem one worldview as deficient in some way without being guilty of parochialism? ), psychology (e.g., do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups? What justifies the state in compelling children to attend school? Also, has the intent to reduce the ideas into small, which discrete a set of ideas to test, such as the variables that comprise hypotheses and research questions. Philosophy of Education in the Curriculum. Pragmatism is about what you do and why you do it. These are all complex matters, involving philosophical questions concerning the nature of the mind, the aims and legitimate means of education, the psychology of learning, the organizational demands of schooling, and a host of other matters to which social-scientific research is relevant. The answer to this question, as to the others raised above, may depend in part on the status of the particular school as public (state-supported) or private. One source of criticism stresses the importance of fostering carethat is, the abilities and dispositions of students to treat themselves and others with empathy and concern. Should parents or their children have the right to opt out of material they think is inappropriate? What is the nature and justification of the authority that teachers exercise over their students? It is how the laws are made and it is the model used to determine what is considered acceptable behavior or morally right and wrong. In addition, the dispositions of the critical thinker noted above suggest that the ideal of critical thinking can be extended beyond the bounds of the epistemic to the area of moral character, leading to questions regarding the nature of such character and the best means of instilling it. While these issues largely involve questions in ethics and political philosophy, they are also informed by other philosophical concerns. It is also note worthy that social constructivism has been criticised fro being too dependent of participants views and experiences and also being too subjective to researcher interpretation (Lincoln and Denzin 1994). I can use factual evidence that I had previously learned to debunk or rebuttal somebodys argument against me, or I can use personal experience that I have interpreted through my use of philosophy to reject something false or wrong that somebody may use toward me. Every path you take and every choice you make all results in you trying to get closer to your goal. At least in the early stages of development (and perhaps in the later stages too), students lack the cognitive capacities to challenge, evaluate, or critically consider that which they are taught. Philosophers will ask, seek answers, and argue the answers to the questions they are seeking the truth for. Does critical thinking presuppose conceptions of truth, knowledge, or justification that are objective and universal, or is it compatible with more relativistic accounts emphasizing culture, race, class, gender, or conceptual framework? How best to resolve this problem remains the subject of debate among multicultural philosophers of education, with some opting for some form of cultural relativism and others for a compromise between multiculturalism and universalism. The theory of evolution contradicts the idea that all people are born good and can do no wrong. One is schizophrenia or the splitting of the mind, the other known as One of the tasks of the philosophy of education, accordingly, has been the elucidation of key educational concepts, including the concept of education itself, as well as related concepts such as teaching, learning, schooling, child rearing, and indoctrination. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? Such views will be extracted from CEO, managers and staff as the researcher visits the context and seek an understanding of leadership styles prevailing at Risxcel, however such an understanding can only be made possible by seeking the views and perceived experiences of those working on leadership positions at the college. Is education itself merely a tool by which those in power maintain social and economic inequalities? John Locke conceived of the human mind as a 'blank slate; it seems to follow from this that students should be expected to passively absorb the information they're taught. WebOne of the tasks of the philosophy of education, accordingly, has been the elucidation of key educational concepts, including the concept of education itself, as well as related concepts such as teaching, learning, schooling, child rearing, and indoctrination. What is Philosophy? To show that indoctrination could be avoidable requires a distinction between indoctrination and nonindoctrinating belief inculcation, but such a distinction is hard to draw and often thought to be controversial. Both perspectives emphasize cause- effect linkages of phenomena that can be studied, identified, and generalized, and both paradigms proffer an objective, detached researcher role. WebThe Progressive Teaching Philosophy is a philosophy of teaching that values student-centered learning and the use of inquiry, problem-solving, critical thinking, and creativity Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. In philosophy, you should question everything and never take anything for face value. Thus you choose the path that can make you reach that goal. Is our Western notion of rationality sufficiently neutral to justify its place in pedagogy, or are there other valuable alternatives being overlookedundervalued types of thinking sometimes associated with other groups, such as women, nonwhites, and non-Westerners? Many decisions made in the curriculum of life are philosophical. Philosophy is a tool chest filled with methods and techniques on how to understand abstract ideas. While we all explore abstract ideas few make it The answer to this question, as to the others raised above, may depend in part on the status of the particular school as public (state-supported) or private. Considering the method by which educators transmit beliefsprecluding students from engaging critically with these beliefs, by way of asking questions or demanding reasons; Everything I have discussed previously is just the tip of the, Philosophy was an activity that people would seek to understand the fundamentals of truth, relationships with others and themselves. Answering such questions inevitably leads us to issues in moral epistemology, which is concerned with the epistemic status of moral claims and judgments. Behavioral theory focuses on observable and measurable behaviors, which can lead to a lack of understanding of underlying motives and causes of behavior. 3 The chaos and noisiness of the classroom However to counter, this in the research project, reflexivity will be applied. Throughout history, many philosophers argued about issues like religion, morality, language, politics, and just about anything you can think of. Beyond this basic agreement lie a host of contentious issues. Abstract This article reflects on different conceptions of educational philosophy, their strengths and weaknesses. Overview From this point of view, this research will require an understanding community, i.e. WebHailey Coleman Mrs. To better understand philosophy we must look throughout history. The most basic problem of philosophy of education is that concerning aims: what are the proper aims and guiding ideals of education? On the other hand, Dewey and many other psychologists and educators have held that learning is most effective when students take an active part in their educations, engaging in self-directed discovery and learning. 123Helpme.com. Linking it to the philosophy of constructivism-interpretive and the research on leadership styles prevailing in Risxcel. For a Christian religion supports people should love one another. Retrieved September 10, 2007, from Encyclopadia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-36386. At least in the early stages of development (and perhaps in the later stages too), students lack the cognitive capacities to challenge, evaluate, or critically consider that which they are taught. It starts by giving a brief account of each. Should schools encourage students to be reflective and critical generally, or should they refrain from encouraging students to subject their own ways of life to critical scrutiny? Core questions Challenges to Qualitative Research, while the project will utilise qualitative research as informed by social constructivism, its notable that it is by nature demanding and time consuming. One group of issues is epistemological in nature. In such controversial cases, what power should members of allegedly disadvantaged groups have to protect their children from discrimination or injustice? The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. Copyright 2000-2022. Some feel that the appropriate response to the questions postmodernism raises is to be more vigilant and more reflective about the deep and often unjustifiable influences of a dominant culture, in order to strive for a more just and tolerant society. Is our Western notion of rationality sufficiently neutral to justify its place in pedagogy, or are there other valuable alternatives being overlookedundervalued types of thinking sometimes associated with other groups, such as women, nonwhites, and non-Westerners? Some argue that a show of equal respect involves treating alternative worldviews as uniformly legitimate; others maintain that we should approach these worldviews and our own with a critical eye, and that respect doesn't preclude us from judging particular beliefs as false, or particular values as incomplete. Qualitative research strategies, i.e. This is all thanks to how philosophy has given me my own intellectual advantage, while I may not win every argument, I can take what I have learned and use it to my advantage in many areas. Does the aim of educating children for their own good conflict with the aim of educating them for the common good? Philosophy is quite basically asking inquiries about existence, reality and nature of knowledge. Thinking that its subjective or optional; when in reality most simply miss the forest for the trees. Everything that we do in life, it is all based around our goal that we want ourselves to attain. In addition, the dispositions of the critical thinker noted above suggest that the ideal of critical thinking can be extended beyond the bounds of the epistemic to the area of moral character, leading to questions regarding the nature of such character and the best means of instilling it. Some argue that parents should have ultimate authority regarding their children's educations, on the grounds that parents are more trustworthy, and in a more legitimate position of authority, than any government officials could be. Following is a partial list, with references for further reading. For example, since philosophy has provided me with an intellectual advantage, I can use this to assist me in an argument. In other groups, morality and religion are inseparable because moral behaviors are parts of their beliefs. The transition between these mythic worldviews and pre-Socratic philosophers worldview was important because it lays down the structural work for great philosophers to learn from them and develop further theories based on their findings. They share in the project of uncovering the relations of power in educational theory and practice, often aiming at a more comprehensive account of education, one informed by the values and beliefs of those groups that are traditionally ignored or excluded. WebConclusion. Students will be able to seek truth independently, thinking freely with the careful guidance of the teacher. Dilthey believed that every lived experience occurs within a historical social reality. What justifies the state in compelling children to attend schoolin what does its authority to mandate attendance lie? For example, questions of metaphysics (e.g.,how are 'groups"to be individuated and understood? What is it to reason well? A more general aim is to focus less on the cognitive development of students, and to instead emphasize the importance of traditionally overlooked talents, such as emotional intelligence and intuition. Like feminists and multiculturalists, postmodern philosophers do not speak with a single voice. Socrates quoted-To know, is to know that you know nothing That is the meaning of true knowledge; knowledge is the key to unlocking doors that can take you any were, the more you know the more you dont know. Not to mention, it's absolutely fascinating. More generally, what epistemological assumptions underlie (or should underlie) the notion of critical thinking? Do they encourage teachers to only 'teach to the test, to students' detriment? All Rights Reserved. Social Constructivist-interpretist holds the hypothesis that folks seek an understanding of the world in which they work and inhibit, Creswell (2009). WebThere are a number of basic philosophical problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of education throughout the history of the subject. Do standard accounts of or courses in critical thinking favor and help to perpetuate the beliefs, values, and practices of dominant groups in society and devalue those of marginalized or oppressed groups? (2007). Philosophers of education generally agree that instilling critical thinking skills and rationality in students should be an aim of education, if nottheaim. There is need for dedication to field work, collecting the data, gaining rapport and when it comes to data analysis, one must sort out through large of data before reducing them to a few themes (Creswell 1998). Bertrand Russell explains in his article that the value of philosophy is not in the definite answers, but in the questions and possibilities that it raises. Against the backdrop of major alternatives, Synthesis ), and other areas of philosophy, social science, and law. Webschool children. Philosophers of education generally agree that instilling critical thinking skills and rationality in students should be an aim of education, if nottheaim. They were called this because they were in a time period before Socrates was born. In approaching these questions about the individual, society, and education, there is a general conflict between a more liberal viewpoint of the aim of educationin which the independence of the individual is stressed over the good of the societyand a more communitarian viewin which the individual's far-reaching dependence on and obligation to society has weight. Can education actually be non-indoctrinating, or is some element of indoctrination inevitable? Although it would make sense that the person whos fully informed on the subject and has the best ability to argue their contention will prevail in the conclusion of the argument, a solution is not usually possible. Qualitative research is a positioned activity that locates the observer in the world. Critics of this notion argue that it is not a parent's right to control the educational fate of their children, and furthermore that the intolerant religious traditions of some could serve to undermine a reasonably democratic multicultural society. The goal of which will bring you to having a good life. WebThe disadvantage about empiricism is that it ignores anything that cannot be scientifically proven. Identifying a universal aim of education would go a long way towards resolving this conflict: the traditional approach is one in which critical thinking is cultivated in both spheres, but recent emphasis has turned to matters of fostering autonomy in students. Also, some religious families where the forefathers were morally upright, individuals in the same background tend to support good morals (Doetzel. Core questions For example, philosophy can prove to be a disadvantage to one person when they are forced to think about new ideas, meanwhile it can be highly beneficial to the person that is implementing the new ideas simply because they are broadening their mind and possibly striving toward a more prosperous Can we separate the notion of truth from the prescriptions of those in power? Analytic treatments of the concept of indoctrination have fallen roughly into one of three categories: These accounts all result in a particular picture of indoctrination: the indoctrinated student has beliefs that have not been subjected to rational scrutiny; critical thinking did not play a role in the adoption of these beliefs. To show that indoctrination could be avoidable requires a distinction between indoctrination and nonindoctrinating belief inculcation, but such a distinction is hard to draw and often thought to be controversial. Core Questions These educators are concerned with developing good learners as well as good Thus a distinguishing characteristic of constructivism is the centrality of the interaction between the investigator and the object of investigation. That in and In the United States, the issue of legitimate authority has been raised recently in connection with the practice of standardized testing, which some critics believe discriminates against the children of some racial, cultural, religious, or ethnic groups (because the test questions rely, implicitly or explicitly, on various culturally specific cues or assumptions that members of some groups may not understand or accept). Core Questions What is it exactly to think critically, and why should educators hold it in such high esteem? One source of criticism stresses the importance of fostering carethat is, the abilities and dispositions of students to treat themselves and others with empathy and concern. Is the freedom of students rightly curtailed by the state? It is not obvious what critical thinking is, and philosophers of education accordingly have developed accounts of critical thinking that attempt to state what it is and why it is valuable. Locating indoctrination in the aims of the educatorintending to bring students to adopt beliefs independently of the evidential support those beliefs may have; Considering the method by which educators transmit beliefsprecluding students from engaging critically with these beliefs, by way of asking questions or demanding reasons; Treating the content of the beliefs impartedcontent that does not admit of rational support or that is to be believed independently of such support. Education prepares a man for the vision of absolute reality. The issue of legitimate authority has been raised recently in the United States in connection with the practice of standardized testing, which some critics believe discriminates against the children of some racial, cultural, religious, or ethnic groups (because the test questions rely, implicitly or explicitly, on various culturally specific cues or assumptions that members of some groups may not understand or accept). Overview Philosophers are posed with the challenge of attempting to solve many of life's unanswerable questions. If we can answer the question of what to teach, we should still wonder how students should be taught. Multiculturalist philosophers stress the importance of diversity in education and educational theory. *You can also browse our support articles here >. For example, election years. Observer in the research on leadership styles prevailing in Risxcel in anything students. Of education, if nottheaim optional ; when in reality most simply miss the for. 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